How do you do a closed traverse?

When plotting the values that are in the southern quadrants with a semicircle protractor, rotate the protractor so the 0°/180°line is down (facing south) and read the numbers on the inner scale. Continue to complete all the points. The end result should be a closed traverse as shown.

What is a total station used for?

A Total Station is a modern surveying instrument that integrates an electronic theodolite with an electronic distance meter. A theodolite uses a movable telescope to measure angles in both the horizontal and vertical planes.

What is total station PDF?

Total stations are survey instruments capable of measuring the locational position of artifacts, architecture, and topography in archaeological sites and localities to a great degree of precision and accuracy.

What is difference between open traverse and closed traverse?

They are: 1. Closed traverse: When the lines form a circuit which ends at the starting point, it is known as closed traverse. 2. Open traverse : When the lines form a circuit ends elsewhere except starting point, it is said to be an open traverse.

How do you fix closing errors?

3. Adjustment of Closing Error:

1. tan θ = where θ is the reducing bearing.
2. (b) Balancing the Traverse:
3. (2) Transit Rule:
4. (ii) Correction to departure of any side.
5. (3) A Third Rule:
6. (ii) Correction to southing of any side.
7. (iii) Correction to easting of any side.
8. (iv) Correction to westing of any side.

Which of the following is a method of adjusting a closed traverse?

Which of the following is a method of adjusting a closed traverse? Explanation: The methods which are used to adjust the traverse are Bowditch’s rule, Transit rule, Axis method and Graphical method.

How accurate is a total station?

A typical total station can measure distances up to 1,500 meters (4,900 ft) with an accuracy of about 1.5 millimeters (0.059 in) ± 2 parts per million.

What are the disadvantages of total station?

Disadvantages Of Total Station:

• The instrument is costlier than other conventional surveying instruments.
• It might be troublesome for the surveyor to investigate and check the work when surveying.
• Working with the total station is not so easy, as more skilled surveyors are required to conduct a total station survey.

How does the total station work?

A Total Station is a modern surveying instrument that integrates an electronic theodolite with an electronic distance meter. Total Stations use electronic transit theodolites in conjunction with a distance meter to read any slope distance from the instrument to any particular spot.

What is the difference between open and closed traverse?

If the traverse formed by the survey lines closes at a station i.e. if the survey lines form a polygon or starts and finishes at the same survey station of the known co-ordinates then the traverse is known as closed traverse. Closed traversing is generally used for locating the boundaries or for surveying of large areas. b. Open Traverse:

Can a traverse survey be open?

Traverses can be open, as in route surveys, or closed, as in closed geometric figures (Figures 1 and 2). Traverse surveying has been one of the most basic survey types being used for ages by surveyors. Closed traverse survey using total station has particularly become popular in recent times.

How do you centre a control station in a traverse?

Repeat the process by moving to the position of the the foresight and bac When surveying the control stations in a traverse, you set over the first and ‘backsight’ the last, which means you centre your total station over the 1st control station, take a measurement down to the nail on the ground.

What is a closclosed traverse?

Closed Traverse A closed traverse starts at a point and ends at the same point or at a point whose relative position is known. The surveyor adjusts the measurements by computations to minimize the effect of accidental errors made in the measurements. Large errors are corrected.