What are the different types of electoral systems?

ELECTORAL SYSTEMS: THE MECHANICS The electoral systems currently in use in representative democracies can be divided into two basic kinds: majoritarian systems and proportional representation systems (often referred to as PR).

How electoral votes are awarded under proportional representation?

Proportional representation (PR) characterizes electoral systems in which divisions in an electorate are reflected proportionately in the elected body. The relative vote for each list determines how many candidates from each list are actually elected.

How many votes are needed for a majority?

When unqualified, a “majority vote” is taken to mean more than half of the votes cast. If 30 members were at a meeting, but only 20 votes were cast, a majority vote would be 11 votes.

What is the Hare method of voting?

The Hare quota is the simplest quota that can be used in elections held under the STV system. In an STV election a candidate who reaches the quota is elected while any votes a candidate receives above the quota are transferred to another candidate.

What type of election system does the US use?

The most common method used in U.S. elections is the first-past-the-post system, where the highest-polling candidate wins the election. Under this system, a candidate only requires a plurality of votes to win, rather than an outright majority.

What is proportional representation based on?

The Constitution provides for proportional representation in the U.S. House of Representatives and the seats in the House are apportioned based on state population according to the constitutionally mandated Census.

How many seats are required for full majority in America to rule?

The approval of both houses of Congress are required to invalidate those electoral votes in question. If no candidate receives a majority of the electoral vote (at least 270), the President is determined by the rules outlined by the Twelfth Amendment.

How do you calculate Hare quota?

The Hare quota is the oldest and simplest of the quotas: it is simply the total number of valid votes divided by the number of seats at stake in a constituency. The denominator is the number of seats contested. The Droop quota divides the total number of votes by the number of seats plus 1.

What is a quota of votes?

The quota is the number of votes a candidate needs to be certain of election. The quota is calculated using the formula: (total number of formal votes / (number of candidates to be elected + 1)) + 1 (disregarding any remainder or fraction)