What do you think were some of the challenges when these countries settled colonies in the New World?

The biggest problems they had to face were themselves. They had to face the fear of being in a new place, the fear of failure which could result in their deaths. They faced their other characteristics as well, when they finally were able to settle and became confident they then faced their ego.

What would happen if America never colonized?

If the Americas had never been colonized by the Europeans, not only would many lives have been saved, but also various cultures and languages. Through colonization, the Indigenous populations were labeled as Indians, they were enslaved, and they were forced to abandon their own cultures and convert to Christianity.

What challenges did the early English face when they arrived in North America?

In 1607, England finally got the opportunity when Jamestown, Virginia, became the first permanent English settlement in North America. Lured to the New World with promises of wealth, most colonists were unprepared for the constant challenges they faced: drought, starvation, the threat of attack, and disease.

How did the colonization affect America?

Colonization ruptured many ecosystems, bringing in new organisms while eliminating others. The Europeans brought many diseases with them that decimated Native American populations. Colonists and Native Americans alike looked to new plants as possible medicinal resources.

What happened to the Papal States after 1814?

Following the fall of the Napoleonic system in 1814, the Congress of Vienna officially restored the Italian territories of the Papal States (but not the Comtat Venaissin or Avignon) to Vatican control. From 1814 until the death of Pope Gregory XVI in 1846, the popes followed a reactionary policy in the Papal States.

What was the military like in the Papal States?

Papal military. Historically the Papal States maintained military forces composed of volunteers and mercenaries. Between 1860 and 1870 the Papal Army ( Esercito Pontificio in Italian) comprised two regiments of locally recruited Italian infantry, two Swiss regiments and a battalion of Irish volunteers, plus artillery and dragoons.

Did the Pope have control of the Papal States?

In practice, though, most of the Papal States was still only nominally controlled by the pope, and much of the territory was ruled by minor princes. Control was always contested; indeed it took until the 16th century for the pope to have any genuine control over all his territories.

Did the Pope have any physical territory in Rome?

Only Lazio, including Rome, remained under the Pope’s temporal control. In 1870, the Pope lost Lazio and Rome and had no physical territory at all, except the Basilica of St Peter and the papal residence and related buildings around the Vatican quarter of Rome, which the new Italian state did not occupy militarily.