What does the Bloch sphere represent?

In quantum mechanics and computing, the Bloch sphere is a geometrical representation of the pure state space of a two-level quantum mechanical system (qubit), named after the physicist Felix Bloch. Quantum mechanics is mathematically formulated in Hilbert space or projective Hilbert space.

What are the main features components of quantum computing?

A classical, as well as a quantum computer, essentially consists of 3 parts: a memory, which holds the current machine state, a processor, which performs elementary operations on the machine state, and some sort of input/output which allows to set the initial state and extract the final state of the computation.

What is the main barrier to the development of a quantum computer?

Quantum computers are exceedingly difficult to engineer, build and program. As a result, they are crippled by errors in the form of noise, faults and loss of quantum coherence, which is crucial to their operation and yet falls apart before any nontrivial program has a chance to run to completion.

How do you represent states on a Bloch sphere?

The Bloch sphere representation Due to equivalent representations of states via the Bloch diagram, any state can be written as: |ψ⟩=cosθ2⋅|0⟩+ejφsinθ2⋅|1⟩. ⁡ θ 2 ⋅ | 0 ⟩ + e j φ sin ⁡

Why are qubits better?

Qubits are more useful than bits because they can store more information than bits. This allows quantum computers to do certain calculations much faster than classical computers.

Can qubits store more information?

A binary digit, characterized as 0 or 1, is used to represent information in classical computers. It is possible to fully encode one bit in one qubit. However, a qubit can hold more information, e.g., up to two bits using superdense coding.

How many states can a qubit have?

Like bits, qubits can be in one of two states when measured, but that’s where the similarities end. Qubits us quantum mechanical phenomena like superposition and entanglement to exist in multiple states at the same time until measured and to hold up to two bits worth of data.