What is the Chlorinity of seawater?

Seawater has a chloride ion concentration of about 19,400 mg/L (a salinity of 35.0 ppt). Brackish water in tidal estuaries may have chloride levels between 500 and 5,000 mg/L (salinity of 1 to 10 ppt).

What is the difference between salinity and Chlorinity?

Salinity of water varies with evaporation and fresh water precipitation. Chlorinity is a measure of the chloride content, by mass, of seawater (grams per kilogram of seawater, or per cubic meter).

Why is Chlorinity related to salinity?

Chlorinity and salinity are both measures of the saltiness of sea water. The relationship can be expressed mathematically, as salinity is equivalent to 1.80655 times the chlorinity. There is a constant ratio of dissolved chloride to total dissolved salts in all sea water.

What is salinity of ocean water?

The concentration of salt in seawater (its salinity) is about 35 parts per thousand; in other words, about 3.5\% of the weight of seawater comes from the dissolved salts.

What are the main reasons for high Na+ and Cl concentration in ocean?

Salt in the ocean comes from two sources: runoff from the land and openings in the seafloor. Rocks on land are the major source of salts dissolved in seawater. Rainwater that falls on land is slightly acidic, so it erodes rocks.

What is the unit of salinity?

Salinity is expressed in the unit g / kg, which is often written as ppt (part per thousand) or ‰ (permil). Salts dissolved in seawater are dissociated into their ions; the predominant ions are chloride and sodium; other significant ions are magnesium, sulfate, calcium and potassium.

How do you convert salinity to ppm?

Conversion for units used to measure salinity: Simply times (x) EC (μS/cm) by . 55 to get an approximate ppm equivalent.

Why is salinity important in the ocean?

Together with temperature, salinity controls the density of seawater, determining whether it sinks or floats. Salinity has a major effect on the flow of deep ocean currents that move heat from the tropics to the poles and affect global climate.

What is the salinity of freshwater?

0.5ppt
Introduction. Salinity is the measure of the amount of dissolved salts in water. It is usually expressed in parts per thousand (ppt) or percentage (\%). Freshwater from rivers has a salinity value of 0.5ppt or less.

Where does chlorine in seawater come from?

Chlorine is the most abundant element dissolved in seawater. It has a conservative distribution that varies only due to differences in evaporation or precipitation in the water that sank to form intermediate or deep waters in the sea (data). Concentrations are higher in the Atlantic because that ocean is saltier.

Where does chlorine come from in the ocean?

In the ocean, chlorine is found as part of the compound sodium chloride (NaCl), also known as table salt. In the Earth’s crust, the most common minerals containing chlorine include halite (NaCl), carnallite, and sylvite (KCl).

How is salinity in the oceans expressed?

Sea water salinity is expressed as a ratio of salt (in grams) to liter of water. In sea water there is typically close to 35 grams of dissolved salts in each liter.

What is the meaning of chlorinity in chemistry?

Chlorinity is defined as the total amount of halids (chlorides, bromides and iodides) in 1 kg of seawater where iodine and bromide have been replaced with an equivalent amount of chloride. This definition introduces one more equivalent that depends on the change of atomic masses.

What is the salinity of seawater in the ocean?

The salinity level in seawater is fairly constant, at about 35 ppt (35,000 mg/L), while brackish estuaries may have salinity levels between 1 and 10 ppt. Since most anions in seawater or brackish water are chloride ions, salinity can be determined from chloride concentration.

What is the concentration of chloride in seawater?

Expected Levels Seawater has a chloride ion concentration of about 19,400 mg/L (a salinity of 35.0 ppt). Brackish water in tidal estuaries may have chloride levels between 500 and 5,000 mg/L (salinity of 1 to 10 ppt).

What is the formula for salinity of chloride?

The following formula is used: salinity (ppt) = 0.0018066 5 Cl– (mg/L) A Chloride Ion-Selective Electrode can be used to determine the chloride concentration, which is converted to a salinity value using the above formula.