What is the minimum depth of foundation of retaining wall?

minimum depth of foundation:– minimum depth of foundation is around 5 feet for a small residential building from ground level or at least 1.50 times the width of footing. In cold climates the depth of footing is Kept at a minimum of 1.50m below surface because of possible frost action.

What is the minimum base width of cantilever RCC retaining wall?

Wall Dimensions The length of the base is between 0.4 to 0.7 times the height of the wall. Toe to base ratio is 1:4. The thickness of the base slab shall be assumed to be little more than the thickness of the stem at the bottom. The minimum thickness of the stem shall be 200mm for construction purposes.

How deep should a concrete footing be for a retaining wall?

Concrete retaining wall footing size The depth to the bottom of the base slab should be kept at a minimum of two feet. However, it should always be below the seasonal frost line, and that often is much deeper in northern climates.

How deep should a trench be for a retaining wall?

The trench should be deep enough to bury at least half the height of your first course of blocks as they sit on a 2- to 3-inch base of gravel. Depending on the size of your blocks, this depth will be about 4 to 6 inches.

What is the normal depth of a foundation?

Depth of Footings Footings should extend to a minimum depth of 12 inches below previously undisturbed soil. Footings also must extend at least 12 inches below the frost line (the depth to which the ground freezes in winter) or must be frost-protected.

What is deep foundation in civil engineering?

A deep foundation is a type of foundation which is placed at a greater depth below the ground surface and transfers structure loads to the earth at depth. The construction process of a deep foundation is more complex and more expensive than shallow foundations.

How do I know what base my retaining wall is?

Base width = 1/2 to 1/3 of the height of the wall. Base thickness = 1/8 of the height of the wall but not less than 12 inches. Stem thickness = 6 inches + ¼ inch for each foot of wall height.

How thick should concrete footings be?

Eight inches is the minimum thickness for a footing. Ten inches is better and twelve inches is highly desirable. The depth of the footing in the ground depends on: the local frost depth.

What is vertical stem in cantilever retaining wall?

Vertical stem in cantilever retaining wall resists earth pressure from backfill side and bends like a cantilever. The thickness of cantilever slab is larger at the base of stem and it decreases gradually upwards due to reduction of soil pressure with decrease in depth.

What is the base slab of a retaining wall?

Base slab: The base slab form the foundation of the retaining wall. It consists of a heel slab and the toe slab. The heel slab acts as a horizontal cantilever under the combined action of the weight of the retaining earth from the top and the soil pressure acting from the soffit.

What is the difference between counterfort retaining wall and cantilever wall?

For height over about 6m, a counterfort retaining wall is economical and is adopted for larger heights. These walls can be precast or formed on-site, and heights above 25 ft more economical than cantilever walls.

Why counterfort type retaining wall is adopted for larger heights?

Thus, counterfort type retaining wall is adopted for larger heights. Counterfort retaining wall consists of a stem, toe slab and heel slab as in case of cantilever retaining wall. But it also consists of counterforts are regular interval which divides the stem. The stem with combination of counterfort behaves like a tee-beam with varying width.