What resources are typically shared by all the threads of the processes?

Resource sharing: Resources like code, data, and files can be shared among all threads within a process. Note: stack and registers can’t be shared among the threads. Each thread has its own stack and registers.

What are some reasons to allow two or more process to all have access to a particular region of memory?

7.4 What are some reasons to allow two or more processes to all have access to a particular region of memory? If a number of processes are executing the same program, it is advantageous to allow each process to access the same copy of the program rather than have its own separate copy.

Why are two modes user and kernel needed list reasons why a mode switch between threads may be cheaper than a mode switch between processes?

List reasons why a mode switch between threads may be cheaper than a mode switch between processes. Threads in a same process share the memory and resource. But no need to exchange memory or data during thread creation and switching. If there is ULTs, switching does not require kernel to get involved.

Which of the following is shared by all threads within a process?

Which of the following is/are shared by all the threads in a process? Explanation: Every thread have its own stack , register, and PC, so only address space that is shared by all thread for a single process.

Which of these resources are shared between all threads of a single process?

The data and heap segments are shared by all the threads.

Why do the processes need to have separate memory spaces?

If processes have separate address spaces they are unable to address each others memory for reading or writing. If the operating system is run in its own, separate address space no user level process can read or write OS memory.

What are the two operations that can be performed on a semaphore?

There are two operations on a semaphore S. Worker processes can wait() or signal() a semaphore. For historical reasons, the wait and signal operations are sometimes abbreviated as P and V respectively. Note that with semaphores, worker processes do not execute a potentially wasteful busy-waiting loop.

What is user-level thread in operating system?

The user-level threads are implemented by users and the kernel is not aware of the existence of these threads. User-level threads are small and much faster than kernel level threads. They are represented by a program counter(PC), stack, registers and a small process control block.

Can two threads access the same data at the same time?

A data race is a state, in which at least two threads access a shared data at the same time, and at least one of the threads is a writer. A critical section is a section of the code, which not more than one thread should access at any point in time.

What are the two characteristics embodied in the concept of process?

What are the two separate and potentially independent characteristics embodied in the concept of process? Resource Ownership: Process includes a virtual address space to hold the process image. Scheduling/Execution: Follows an execution path that may be interleaved with other processes.

What is the difference between mode switch between threads and processes?

List reasons why a mode switch between threads may be cheaper than a mode switch between processes. Threads in a same process share the memory and resource. Switching process requires OS to process more information. But no need to exchange memory or data during thread creation and switching.

Why do identifiers appear in both thread and process control blocks?

Identifiers will appear in both thread and process control blocks, because both need to be identified. Processor State Information should belongs to process control block. Kernel will only interact with process not threads. Process Control Information: Thread control block should handle scheduling and State Information.

How do threads interact with each other in a process?

When one thread alters an item of data in memory, other threads see the results if and when they access that item. If one thread opens a file with read privileges, other threads in the same process can also read from that file.