Why does chlorobenzene undergoes nitration 30 times slower than benzene?

Therefore, these two positions are the least deactivated and react preferentially. Cl is a weak ring deactivating group. This means chlorobenzene is less reactive towards electrophiles than benzene. But, due to the presence of non-bonding electrons, they can donate electron density through formation of π-bonds.

Which compound undergoes nitration fastest?

Acetophenone, benzonitrile, benzaldehyde and benzoic acid all contain electron-withdrawing groups, therefore, in all these compounds the electron density over the phenyl ring is lower than in benzene. Thus, benzene undergoes electrophilic nitration most readily.

Why does nitration of toluene takes place more easily as compared to benzene?

1. Toluene has a methyl group on the benzene ring which is electron releasing group and hence activate the benzene ring by pushing the electrons on the benzene ring. The methyl group hence makes it around 25 times more reactive than benzene. Therefore it undergoes nitration easily than benzene.

Why reactivity of NO2 benzene is slow in comparison to benzene?

Notice that nitrobenzene is less reactive than benzene because the nitro group is a deactivating substituent. Notice also that meta-substitution reactions on nitrobenzene are faster than para-substitution reactions because the nitro group is a meta-directing group.

Does chlorobenzene undergo nitration faster than benzene?

Since chloro is an electron-withdrawing substituent, chlorobenzene is less electron-rich than benzene. Therefore the nitration will be slower.

Why reactivity of no2 benzene is slow in comparison to benzene?

Which will undergo nitration faster than benzene?

Nitration of toluene is easier than benzene.

Which undergo nitration at faster rate?

Also, as noted earlier, toluene undergoes nitration about 25 times faster than benzene, but chlorination of toluene is over 500 times faster than that of benzene. From this we may conclude that the nitration reagent is more reactive and less selective than the halogenation reagents.

Why does toluene react faster than benzene?

Toluene and Phenol are more reactive than benzene since their groups add electron density to the ring. Toluene’s methyl group adds electron density through the inductive effect, and the hydroxyl group in phenol can delocalise one of the lone pairs on the oxygen atom into the ring (demonstrated on the whiteboard).

Why is nitration of toluene much faster compared to nitration of nitrobenzene?

( R) It is due to electron relesing nature of -CH_(3) group which increases electron relectron density on benzene and electrophilic substitution reaction like nitrotion becomes faster.

What is the difference between nitration of benzene and nitrobenzene?

As Benzene have electron cloud above and below the plane and has the tendency to attack at the electrophile so nitration of Benzene occur readily but nitration of nitrobenzene is slow process as the electron density of Benzene decreases due to the presence of electron withdrawing group -NO2 which cause -R and -I effect on the Benzene ring .

What is the reaction between benzene and chlorobenzene?

Benzene is electron rich centre for attacking electrophile. Hence it reacts with considerable rate,with nitrating mixture to form nitrobenzene. Reactivity towards electrophilic substitution is influenced by the substituents present on the ring. In case of chlorobenzene, chlorine is deactivating due to -I effect.

What is the role of nitro group on the benzene ring?

On the other hand nitro group on the benzene ring is electron withdrawing group which deactivates the benzene ring by withdrawing the electrons from the benzene ring . Now in the nitration attack of the nucleophile ( NO2 +) takes place.

What is the difference between toluene and benzene?

Toluene is methyl-benzene and according to the question we are comparing it with benzene ( in context of nitration obviously) Now of the many substituents that could be added to the benzene ring, the methyl group which is added to the benzene ring confers it special properties making it different from benzene .